Construction

Introduction   |   Planning   |    Construction  |   Stocking

Pond Basins

Many pond sites have trees in the basin, most of which should be cut and salvaged or piled and burned. However, it is acceptable to retain some trees, bushes, and brush piles. Underwater cover provides habitat for certain aquatic organisms on which fish feed, as well as cover for game fish. Be sure you can find these areas after they are flooded.

Usually up to 10 percent and not more than 25 percent of the pond area should have some tree cover (fish attractors) where possible. It is important to leave tree cover in the right areas. Leave bushes and trees in deeper water areas, along creek runs, and in the middle of the pond or lake. Leave trees in small clumps. Cut standing trees about 2 feet above the normal water level, and anchor brushy tops to the base of the tall stumps. This will serve as a permanent marker to brushtop locations and avoid the dangers of falling limbs in later years. Do not leave trees or bushes in shallow areas, narrow coves, or along the bank, because these areas will become difficult to fish and may develop aquatic vegetation problems. Too much cover in shallow water will make it hard for bass to control the bream. You should be able to navigate the entire shoreline by boat.

If no trees or brush are present to leave for cover, fish shelters can be established during pond construction. See the section on fish attractors for more detailed information. Prepare the pond basin during construction because equipment and labor are available at that time. Most landowners are reluctant to drain the pond later for necessary improvements, so it is important to complete all work during construction.

Lime the pond bottom after all other excavation and dirt work are complete. Liming is extremely important and is discussed in greater detail later. During construction, decide which trees to leave, clear unwanted trees, and develop fish attractors. Before flooding, prepare gravel beds for bluegill spawning. Build wooden and earthen piers, and deepen the pond edges. Plant wheat, rye, millet, or other suitable grasses in the pond bottom to produce an abundance of aquatic life when the pond is filled and to reduce erosion and siltation.

The dam should be limed, fertilized, and seeded with an appropriate grass as soon as construction is complete. Mulching of the dam and other sloping areas is recommended. It is critically important to prevent erosion of the dam. The pond should be completed during summer before stocking fish in the fall. If practical, do not allow the pond to fill with water until just prior to stocking. This will prevent the pond from becoming contaminated with unwanted species.